Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
Volume 12, Issue 2 , Pages 114-118 , June 2005

Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: Lessons and Challenges

  • Deepak K. Lachhwani, MBBS, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Deepak K. Lachhwani, MBBS, MD, S-51, Division of Pediatric Epilepsy and Pediatric Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44122.

References 

  1. Hauser WA , Hesdorffer DC . Epilepsy (frequency, causes and consequences) . 1991;1–15 Ref Type: Data File
  2. Wiebe S , Blume WT , Girvin JP , et al.   A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy . N Engl J Med . 2001;345:311–318
  3. Wyllie E , Comair YG , Kotagal P , et al.   Seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery in children and adolescents . Ann Neurol . 1998;44:740–748
  4. Bittar RG , Rosenfeld JV , Klug GL , et al.   Resective surgery in infants and young children with intractable epilepsy . J Clin Neurosci . 2002;9:142–146
  5. Buchhalter JR , Jarrar RG . Therapeutics in pediatric epilepsy, part 2 (epilepsy surgery and vagus nerve stimulation) . Mayo Clin Proc . 2003;78:371–378
  6. Khajavi K , Comair YG , Wyllie E , et al.   Surgical management of pediatric tumor-associated epilepsy . J Child Neurol . 1999;14:15–25
  7. Camfield PR , Camfield CS , Gordon K , et al.   If a first antiepileptic drug fails to control a child’s epilepsy, what are the chances of success with the next drug? . J Pediatr . 1997;131:821–824
  8. Kwan P , Brodie MJ . Early identification of refractory epilepsy . N Engl J Med . 2000;342:314–319
  9. Berg AT , Shinnar S , Levy SR , et al.   Early development of intractable epilepsy in children (a prospective study) . Neurology . 2001;56:1445–1452
  10. Kwan P , Brodie MJ . Early identification of refractory epilepsy . N Engl J Med . 2000;342:314–319
  11. Sperling MR , Feldman H , Kinman J , et al.   Seizure control and mortality in epilepsy . Ann Neurol . 1999;46:45–50
  12. Shields WD . Catastrophic epilepsy in childhood . Epilepsia . 2000;41(suppl 2):S2–S6
  13. Farwell JR , Dodrill CB , Batzel LW . Neuropsychological abilities of children with epilepsy . Epilepsia . 1985;26:395–400
  14. Maehara T , Shimizu H , Shigetomo R , et al.   [Functional hemispherectomy for children aged 2 years or less for the treatment of intractable epilepsy caused by cortical dysgenesis] . No To Hattatsu . 2000;32:395–400
  15. Maehara T , Shimizu H , Kawai K , et al.   Postoperative development of children after hemispherotomy . Brain Dev . 2002;24:155–160
  16. Mihara T , Inoue Y , Matsuda K , et al.   Recommendation of early surgery from the viewpoint of daily quality of life . Epilepsia . 1996;37(suppl 3):33–36
  17. Devlin AM , Cross JH , Harkness W , et al.   Clinical outcomes of hemispherectomy for epilepsy in childhood and adolescence . Brain . 2003;126:556–566
  18. Battaglia D , Di Rocco C , Iuvone L , et al.   Neuro-cognitive development and epilepsy outcome in children with surgically treated hemimegalencephaly . Neuropediatrics . 1999;30:307–313
  19. Wyllie E , Comair YG , Kotagal P , et al.   Epilepsy surgery in infants . Epilepsia . 1996;37:625–637
  20. Curatolo P , Verdecchia M , Bombardieri R . Tuberous sclerosis complex (a review of neurological aspects) . Eur J Paediatr Neurol . 2002;6:15–23
  21. Gomez MR . History of the tuberous sclerosis complex . Brain Dev . 1995;17(suppl):55–57
  22. Goodman M , Lamm SH , Engel A , et al.   Cortical tuber count (a biomarker indicating neurologic severity of tuberous sclerosis complex) . J Child Neurol . 1997;12:85–90
  23. Bebin EM , Kelly PJ , Gomez MR . Surgical treatment for epilepsy in cerebral tuberous sclerosis . Epilepsia . 1993;34:651–657
  24. Guerreiro MM , Andermann F , Andermann E , et al.   Surgical treatment of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis (strategies and results in 18 patients) . Neurology . 1998;51:1263–1269
  25. Morrell F . Varieties of human secondary epileptogenesis . J Clin Neurophysiol . 1989;6:227–275
  26. Karenfort M , Kruse B , Freitag H , et al.   Epilepsy surgery outcome in children with focal epilepsy due to tuberous sclerosis complex . Neuropediatrics . 2002;33:255–261
  27. Lachhwani DK , Pestana E , Kotagal P , et al.   Identification of candidates for epilepsy surgery in patients with tuberous sclerosis . Neurology . 2005;64:1651–1654
  28. Asano E , Chugani DC , Muzik O , et al.   Multimodality imaging for improved detection of epileptogenic foci in tuberous sclerosis complex . Neurology . 2000;54:1976–1984
  29. Fedi M , Reutens DC , Andermann F , et al.   alpha-[11C]-Methyl-L-tryptophan PET identifies the epileptogenic tuber and correlates with interictal spike frequency . Epilepsy Res . 2003;52:203–213
  30. Duchowny M . Recent advances in candidate selection for pediatric epilepsy surgery . Semin Pediatr Neurol . 2000;7:178–186
  31. Romanelli P , Najjar S , Weiner HL , et al.   Epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis (multistage procedures with bilateral or multilobar foci) . J Child Neurol . 2002;17:689–692
  32. Romanelli P , Verdecchia M , Rodas R , et al.   Epilepsy surgery for tuberous sclerosis . Pediatr Neurol . 2004;31:239–247
  33. Granata T , Fusco L , Gobbi G , et al.   Experience with immunomodulatory treatments in Rasmussen’s encephalitis . Neurology . 2003;61:1807–1810
  34. Rogers SW , Andrews PI , Gahring LC , et al.   Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor GluR3 in Rasmussen’s encephalitis . Science . 1994;265:648–651
  35. Wiendl H , Bien CG , Bernasconi P , et al.   GluR3 antibodies (prevalence in focal epilepsy but no specificity for Rasmussen’s encephalitis) . Neurology . 2001;57:1511–1514
  36. Mantegazza R , Bernasconi P , Baggi F , et al.   Antibodies against GluR3 peptides are not specific for Rasmussen’s encephalitis but are also present in epilepsy patients with severe, early onset disease and intractable seizures . J Neuroimmunol . 2002;131:179–185
  37. Rasmussen T , Olszewski J , Lloyd-Smith D . Focal seizures due to chronic localized encephalitis . Neurology . 1958;8:435–445
  38. Boatman D , Freeman J , Vining E , et al.   Language recovery after left hemispherectomy in children with late-onset seizures . Ann Neurol . 1999;46:579–586
  39. Hertz-Pannier L , Chiron C , Jambaque I , et al.   Late plasticity for language in a child’s non-dominant hemisphere (a pre- and post-surgery fMRI study) . Brain . 2002;125:361–372
  40. Loddenkemper T , Wyllie E , Lardizabal D , et al.   Late language transfer in patients with Rasmussen encephalitis . Epilepsia . 2003;44:870–871
  41. Carreno M , Wyllie E , Bingaman W , et al.   Seizure outcome after functional hemispherectomy for malformations of cortical development . Neurology . 2001;57:331–333
  42. Kossoff EH , Vining EP , Pillas DJ , et al.   Hemispherectomy for intractable unihemispheric epilepsy etiology vs outcome . Neurology . 2003;61:887–890
  43. Sahin M , Menache CC , Holmes GL , et al.   Outcome of severe refractory status epilepticus in children . Epilepsia . 2001;42:1461–1467
  44. Sahin M , Menache CC , Holmes GL , et al.   Prolonged treatment for acute symptomatic refractory status epilepticus (outcome in children) . Neurology . 2003;61:398–401
  45. Gilbert DL , Gartside PS , Glauser TA . Efficacy and mortality in treatment of refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children (a meta-analysis) . J Child Neurol . 1999;14:602–609
  46. Kim SJ , Lee DY , Kim JS . Neurologic outcomes of pediatric epileptic patients with pentobarbital coma . Pediatr Neurol . 2001;25:217–220
  47. Gorman DG , Shields WD , Shewmon DA , et al.   Neurosurgical treatment of refractory status epilepticus . Epilepsia . 1992;33:546–549
  48. Krsek P , Tichy M , Belsan T , et al.   Life-saving epilepsy surgery for status epilepticus caused by cortical dysplasia . Epileptic Disord . 2002;4:203–208
  49. Ma X , Liporace J , O’Connor MJ , et al.   Neurosurgical treatment of medically intractable status epilepticus . Epilepsy Res . 2001;46:33–38
  50. Winston KR , Levisohn P , Miller BR , et al.   Vagal nerve stimulation for status epilepticus . Pediatr Neurosurg . 2001;34:190–192
  51. Alexopoulos A , Lachhwani DK , Gupta A , et al.   Resective surgery to treat refractory status epilepticus in children with focal epileptogenesis . Neurology . 2005;64(3):567–570
  52. Dulac O , Soufflet C , Chiron C , et al.   What is West Syndrome? . Int Rev Neurobiol . 2002;49:1–22
  53. Mackay M , Weiss S , Snead OC . Treatment of infantile spasms (an evidence-based approach) . Int Rev Neurobiol . 2002;49:157–184
  54. Caplan R , Siddarth P , Mathern G , et al.   Developmental outcome with and without successful intervention . Int Rev Neurobiol . 2002;49:269–284
  55. Chugani HT , Shields WD , Shewmon DA , et al.   I. PET identifies focal cortical dysgenesis in cryptogenic cases for surgical treatment . Ann Neurol . 1990;27:406–413
  56. Shields WD . Medical vs. surgical treatment (which treatment when?) . Int Rev Neurobiol . 2002;49:253–267
  57. Arsanow RF , LoPresti C , Guthrie D , et al.   Developmental outcomes in children receiving resection surgery for medically intractable infantile spasms . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1997;39:430–440
  58. Jonas R , Asarnow RF , LoPresti C , et al.   Surgery for symptomatic infant-onset epileptic encephalopathy with and without infantile spasms . Neurology . 2005;64:746–750

PII: S1071-9091(05)00051-3

doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2005.04.001

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
Volume 12, Issue 2 , Pages 114-118 , June 2005

Article Tools