« Previous
Next »
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
Volume 12, Issue 3
, Pages 178-186
, September 2005
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus in Childhood
References
-
.
The missing link
(a single unifying mechanism for diabetic complications)
.
Kidney Int
. 2000;77:S26–S30
- . Hyperglycemia, polyol metabolism, and complications of diabetes mellitus . Annu Rev Med . 1975;26:521–536
- . Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications . Diabetes Care . 1996;19:257–267
- . The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med . 1993;329:977–986
- The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes . Ophthalmology . 1998;105:1801–1815
- . Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) . J Pediatr . 1994;125:177–188
- Beneficial effects of intensive therapy of diabetes during adolescence (outcomes after the conclusion of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)) . J Pediatr . 2001;139:804–812
- . Effect of intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus . JAMA . 2002;287:2563–2569
- . Sustained effect of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus on development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study) . JAMA . 2003;290:2159–2167
- . Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy . N Engl J Med . 2000;342:381–389
- . Risk factors for development of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients (a 10-year prospective observational study) . Diabetes Care . 2002;25:859–864
- Contribution of diabetes duration before puberty to development of microvascular complications in IDDM subjects . Diabetes Care . 1989;12:686–693
- Do all prepubertal years of diabetes duration contribute equally to diabetes complications? . Diabetes Care . 2003;26:1224–1229
- Markers of insulin resistance are strong risk factors for retinopathy incidence in type 1 diabetes . Diabetes Care . 2001;24:284–289
- Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22) . Arch Ophthalmol . 1996;114:1079–1084
- Lipid profiles and blood pressure (are they risk factors for the development of early background retinopathy and incipient nephropathy in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?) . Acta Paediatr . 1996;85:43–48
- The progression of retinopathy over 2 years (the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study) . J Diabetes Complications . 1995;9:140–148
- Unchanged incidence of diabetic nephropathy in IDDM patients . Diabetes . 1995;44:739–743
- Relationship of smoking and albuminuria in children with insulin-dependent diabetes . Diabet Med . 1994;11:666–669
- Cigarette smoking increases the risk of albuminuria among subjects with type 1 diabetes . JAMA . 1991;265:614–617
- A nonlinear effect of hyperglycemia and current cigarette smoking are major determinants of the onset of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes . Diabetes . 2001;50:2842–2849
- . Prevalence of small vessel and large vessel disease in diabetic patients from 14 centres (the World Health Organisation multinational study of vascular disease in diabetics) . Diabetologia . 1985;28:615–640
- Interrelationships of microangiopathy, plasma glucose and other risk factors in 3583 diabetic patients (a multinational study) . Diabetologia . 1982;22:412–420
- . Cigarette smoking and ten-year progression of diabetic retinopathy . Ophthalmology . 1996;103:1438–1442
- The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. IX, Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years . Arch Ophthalmol . 1989;107:237–243
- . The rate of formation and disappearance of microaneurysms in diabetic retinopathy . Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K . 1970;90:369–374
- . Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (the second report of diabetic retinopathy study findings) . Ophthalmology . 1978;85:82–106
- The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years . Arch Ophthalmol . 1984;102:520–526
- Prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes . Med J Aust . 1994;160:757–762
- The case for biennial retinopathy screening in children and adolescents . Diabetes Care . 2005;28:509–513
- Declining incidence of severe retinopathy and persisting decrease of nephropathy in an unselected population of type 1 diabetes (-the Linkoping Diabetes Complications Study) . Diabetologia . 2004;47:1266–1272
- Comparison between ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography in determining severity of diabetic retinopathy . Ophthalmology . 1985;92:62–67
- . Blood glucose control and the evolution of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria (a preliminary multicenter trial) . N Engl J Med . 1984;311:365–372
- . Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial . Arch Ophthalmol . 1998;116:874–886
- Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes: the EUCLID study group. EURODIAB controlled trial of lisinopril in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . Lancet . 1998;351:28–31
-
The National Diabetic Retinopathy Laser Treatment Audit. III. Clinical outcomes
.
Eye
. 1999;13:151–159
- . Early photocoagulation in patients with either type I or type II diabetes . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1996;94:505–537
-
.
Microalbuminuria, glycemic control, and blood pressure predicting outcome in diabetes type 1 and type 2
.
Kidney Int Suppl
. 2004;66:S40–S41
- . Complications of pediatric and adolescent type 1 diabetes mellitus . Curr Diab Rep . 2001;1:47–55
- . Proteinuria (value as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) . Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) . 1987;294:1651–1654
- Cardiovascular risk factors in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without proteinuria . Acta Med Scand . 1987;222:439–444
- Prevalence and correlations of early microvascular complications in young type I diabetic patients (role of puberty) . J Pediatr Endocrinol . 1997;10:587–592
- Metabolic control and prevalence of microvascular complications in young Danish patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood) . Diabet Med . 1999;16:79–85
- Blood glucose control and albuminuria in type 1 diabetes mellitus . J Pediatr . 1991;119:178–182
- A nation-wide cross-sectional study of urinary albumin excretion rate, arterial blood pressure and blood glucose control in Danish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood) . Diabet Med . 1990;7:887–897
- . The prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetic children and adolescents and its relation to puberty . Acta Paediatr Scand . 1987;76:795–800
- Signs of nephropathy may occur early in young adults with diabetes despite modern diabetes management (results from the nation-wide population-based Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS)) . Diabetes Care . 2003;26:2903–2909
- Poor prognosis of young adults with type 1 diabetes (a longitudinal study) . Diabetes Care . 2003;26:1052–1057
- . The long-term renal and retinal outcome of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes . Diabet Med . 2004;21:26–31
- Increase in nocturnal blood pressure and progression to microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes . N Engl J Med . 2002;347:797–805
- . Ambulatory blood pressure, microalbuminuria, and autonomic neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes . Diabetes Care . 2000;23:533–538
- . Ambulatory blood pressure in the transition from normo- to microalbuminuria (a longitudinal study in IDDM patients) . Diabetes . 1994;43:1248–1253
- Oxfom Regional Prospective Study G (risk of nephropathy can be detected before the onset of microalbuminuria during the early years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes) . Diabetes Care . 2000;23:1811–1815
- Predictors for the development of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes (inception cohort study) . BMJ . 2004;328:1105–1109
- . Determinants of progression of microalbuminuria in adolescents with IDDM . Diabetes Care . 1996;19:369–371
- Progression of borderline increases in albuminuria in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . Diabet Med . 1997;14:766–771
- Glycemic control and prognosis in type I diabetic patients with microalbuminuria . Diabetes Care . 1996;19:313–317
- Regression of microalbuminuria in type I diabetes . N Engl J Med . 2003;348:2285–2293
- . Should all patients with type I diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria receive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?. A meta-analysis of individual patient data . Ann Intern Med . 2001;134:370–379
- . Remission and regression of diabetic nephropathy . Hypertens Res . 2003;26:515–519
- Declining incidence of persistent proteinuria in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in Denmark . Diabetes . 1987;36:205–209
- Diabetes complication screening in 937 children and adolescents . J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab . 1999;12:185–192
- . Microalbuminuria and hypertension with focus on type 1 and type 2 diabetes . J Intern Med . 2003;254:45–66
- Microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus (efficacy of a new screening method in comparison with timed overnight urine collection) . J Diabetes Complications . 2003;17:254–257
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy to decrease microalbuminuria in normotensive children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . J Pediatr . 1990;117:39–45
- Effect of antihypertensive therapy on the kidney in patients with diabetes (a meta-regression analysis) . Ann Intern Med . 1993;118:129–138
- The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy (the Collaborative Study Group) . N Engl J Med . 1993;329:1456–1462
- . Randomised placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria . Lancet . 1997;349:1787–1792
- Randomised controlled trial of long term efficacy of captopril on preservation of kidney function in normotensive patients with insulin dependent diabetes and microalbuminuria . BMJ . 1999;319:24–25
- . Captopril reduces the risk of nephropathy in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria . Diabetologia . 1996;39:587–593
- Effect of captopril on progression to clinical proteinuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria (European Microalbuminuria Captopril Study Group) . JAMA . 1994;271:275–279
- Low-dose ramipril reduces microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetic patients without hypertension (results of a randomized controlled trial) . Diabetes Care . 2000;23:1823–1829
- Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or beta blocker on glomerular structural changes in young microalbuminuric patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus . Diabetologia . 1999;42:589–595
-
Diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents
(a critical review with particular reference to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors)
.
Acta Paediatr Suppl
. 1998;425:42–45
- Reversal of neuropathic and gastrointestinal complications related to diabetes mellitus in adolescents with improved metabolic control . J Pediatr . 1981;99:41–45
-
.
Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications
(a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973)
.
Diabet Metab
. 1977;3:173–182
- . Subclinical nerve dysfunction in children and adolescents with IDDM . Diabetologia . 1995;38:685–692
- Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study (measuring diabetic neuropathy follow-up study results) . Diabetes Care . 1992;15:525–527
- . The natural history of diabetic autonomic neuropathy . Q J Med . 1980;49:95–108
- The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes (a meta-analysis) . Diabetes Care . 2003;26:1895–1901
- Autonomic neuropathy, QT interval lengthening, and unexpected deaths in male diabetic patients . Diabetologia . 1991;34:182–185
- Clinical observations and experiments in diabetic neuropathy . Diabetologia . 1992;35:2–11
- Peripheral nerve function during hyperglycemic clamping in healthy subjects . Acta Neurol Scand . 1988;78:141–145
- . Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on nerve conduction in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial . Ann Neurol . 1995;38:869–880
- . The effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the development and progression of neuropathy . Ann Intern Med . 1995;122:561–568
- The use of biothesiometry to detect neuropathy in children and adolescents with IDDM . Diabetes Care . 1997;20:1448–1453
- Autonomic and peripheral nerve function in adolescents with and without diabetes . Diabet Med . 1993;10:664–671
- Comparison of quantitative sensory-threshold measures for their association with foot ulceration in diabetic patients . Diabetes Care . 1990;13:1057–1061
- Outcome on diabetic foot complications in relation to clinical examination and quantitative sensory testing (a case-control study) . Diabet Med . 1998;15:765–771
- The risk of foot ulceration in diabetic patients with high foot pressure (a prospective study) . Diabetologia . 1992;35:660–663
- Limited joint mobility in the hands and feet of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus . Diabet Med . 1999;16:125–130
- High plantar pressure and callus in diabetic adolescents (incidence and treatment) . J Am Podiatr Med Assoc . 2003;93:214–220
- Clinically apparent eating disorders in young diabetic women (associations with painful neuropathy and other complications) . Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) . 1987;294:859–862
- Aldose reductase inhibition ameliorates pupillary light reflex and F-wave latency in patients with mild diabetic neuropathy . Diabetes Care . 2001;24:1093–1098
- Hyperglycemia and plasma lipid levels (a prospective study of young insulin-dependent diabetic patients) . N Engl J Med . 1980;302:650–654
- Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients (relationship with control) . Diabetologia . 1981;21:216–223
- . Lipoprotein glycation and its metabolic consequences . Curr Opin Lipidol . 1997;8:174–180
- Lipoproteins, glycoxidation and diabetic angiopathy . Diabetes Metab Res Rev . 2004;20:349–368
- Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with simvastatin) . Circulation . 2002;106:2231–2237
- Silent coronary atheromatosis in type 1 diabetic patients and its relation to long-term glycemic control . Diabetes . 2002;51:2637–2641
- Endothelial dysfunction relates to folate status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes . Diabetes . 2002;51:2282–2286
- Endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial intima-media thickness in children with type 1 diabetes . Circulation . 2004;109:1750–1755
- Extrapancreatic autoimmune manifestations in type 1 diabetes patients and their first-degree relatives (a multicenter study) . Diabetes Care . 2003;26:1235–1240
-
The role of autoimmunity at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in the development of thyroid and celiac disease and microvascular complications
.
Diabetes Care
. 2005;
-
.
Consensus guidelines for the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents
.
Zeist, The Netherlands: Medical Forum International; 2000;
- The Pittsburgh insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) morbidity and mortality study (mortality results) . Diabetes . 1984;33:271–276
- . Management of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with diabetes . Diabetes Care . 2003;26:2194–2197
-
.
Clinical practice guidelines
(type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents)
. 2005;
Available at: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/pdf/cp102.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2005.
-
.
Type 1 diabetes (childhood)
(diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes in children and young people)
.
London: RCOG Press; 2005;
This article is reprinted from Pediatr Clin N Am 52 (2005) 1735-1753.
PII: S1071-9091(06)00006-4
doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2006.01.002
© 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
Volume 12, Issue 3
, Pages 178-186
, September 2005
